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Second impeachment of Sara Duterte

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Second impeachment of Sara Duterte
Proceedings in the plenary hall of the House of Representatives after the chamber impeached Vice President Sara Duterte for the second time on May 11, 2026
AccusedSara Duterte, 15th vice president of the Philippines
DateMay 11, 2026 (2026-05-11) – present
Charges
  • Betrayal of public trust
  • Culpable violation of the constitution
  • Graft and corruption
  • Bribery
Approval of the committee report from the Committee on Justice (May 4, 2026)
Votes in favor
55 / 55 (100%)
Votes against
0 / 55 (0%)
ResultThe Articles of Impeachment was transmitted to the House for a formal plenary vote.
Plenary vote by the House of Representatives on the adoption of House Resolution No. 989 containing the Articles of Impeachment (May 11, 2026)
Votes in favor
257 / 318 (81%)
Votes against
25 / 318 (8%)
Present
9 / 318 (3%)
Not voting
27 / 318 (8%)
ResultThe Articles of Impeachment was transmitted to the Senate for the impeachment trial of Duterte. The Senate convened as an impeachment court on May 18, 2026.
Impeachment trial by the Senate
ResultThe Senate began the impeachment trial on July 6, 2026.

On February 2, 2026, renewed efforts began to impeach Sara Duterte for a second time as Vice President of the Philippines, following her earlier impeachment by the House of Representatives on February 5, 2025. The earlier proceedings transmitted the articles of impeachment to the Senate for trial. However, when the Senate convened as an impeachment court on June 10, 2025, it remanded the articles back to the House.

In July 2025, the Supreme Court declared the impeachment complaint unconstitutional after ruling that earlier complaints had already triggered the one-year constitutional ban on multiple impeachment proceedings, effectively aborting the trial. Following the lapse of the one-year ban, at least two new impeachment complaints were filed against Duterte. The four impeachment complaints were formally initiated on February 23, 2026, after being referred to the House Committee on Justice.[1]

On April 29, 2026, the House Committee on Justice, chaired by Gerville Luistro, voted unanimously (53–0) to find probable cause to impeach Duterte. The committee consolidated the complaints, including those filed by lawyer Nathaniel Cabrera and a group led by priests and lawyers, into a single set of articles of impeachment. Lawmakers cited allegations of misuse of confidential funds, unexplained wealth, and threats against President Bongbong Marcos, First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos, and former House Speaker Martin Romualdez.[2][3][4][5]

The consolidated articles were put to a plenary vote on May 11, 2026, during which 257 members of the House voted to impeach Duterte, thereby transmitting the articles of impeachment to the Senate. The Senate convened as an impeachment court on May 18, although the impeachment trial proper did not officially begin until July 6, 2026.

Background

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2025 impeachment

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Vice President Sara Duterte was initially impeached by the House of Representatives on February 5, 2025, and was backed by 215 members of the lower house, paving way for a potential trial by the Senate acting as an impeachment court.[6] The impeachment complaint followed three earlier complaints in December 2024.[7]

According to the rules of the House of Representatives, there are three methods to impeach an official:[8]

  • A member of the House of Representatives files a verified complaint.
  • A private citizen–upon a resolution of endorsement by any House member–files a verified complaint
  • At least one-third of all House members will file verified complaint or resolution of impeachment

The 2025 impeachment of Duterte went through the third route.[8]

Senate President Chiz Escudero maintained that the Senate cannot start the proceedings until after Congress reconvenes on June 2, 2025.[9][10] The Senate did not start the trial despite proponents of the impeachment trial insisting that the Constitution obliges that a "trial by the Senate shall proceed forthwith," or as soon as possible.[11] Pressure on the Senate persisted until at least June.[12][13][14][15]

The trial formally commenced on June 10, 2025, with Escudero administering the oath to the rest of the 22 senators.[16] The Senate, however, voted to remand the impeachment complaint back to the House of Representatives asking the chamber to certify the complaint as compliant with the one-year ban and communicating the yet to be-convened lower house of the 20th Congress if it is willing to move forward with the proceedings.[17]

Duterte v. House of Representatives

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The Supreme Court unanimously nullified the impeachment complaint against Vice President Sara Duterte on July 25, 2025, ruling that the Articles of Impeachment were "unconstitutional".[18] In Duterte v. House of Representatives (G.R. No. 278353), the Court held that the constitutional "one-year bar rule" had already been triggered by the first three impeachment complaints filed against Duterte in late 2024, rendering the fourth complaint endorsed by more than one-third of the House of Representatives on February 5, 2025, invalid.[19][20]

The Court further ruled that constitutional due process and fairness apply throughout all stages of impeachment proceedings, including proceedings before the House of Representatives.[20] The justices stated that although impeachment is political in character, it remains subject to constitutional limitations and standards of procedural fairness, including the respondent's right to adequate notice and opportunity to answer allegations.[21]

As a result of the ruling, no impeachment trial before the Senate was held, with the Court ruling that the Senate could not acquire jurisdiction over unconstitutional Articles of Impeachment.[22]

The House of Representatives filed a motion for reconsideration on August 4, 2025, arguing that the lower chamber possesses the exclusive constitutional authority to initiate impeachment proceedings. The House further cited Francisco v. House of Representatives, maintaining that impeachment proceedings are initiated only upon referral to the committee or endorsement by one-third of House members.[23]

On January 28, 2026, the Supreme Court en banc denied the motion for reconsideration with finality and affirmed its earlier ruling.[24] The Court additionally clarified that "session days" referred to calendar days during which the House actually holds session, rejecting interpretations limiting the term solely to legislative session days.[25]

The ruling significantly affected subsequent impeachment efforts against Duterte. Following the expiration of the one-year constitutional prohibition on February 6, 2026, new impeachment complaints were refiled before the House under procedures adjusted to comply with the Supreme Court's interpretation of the Constitution, particularly its emphasis on due process protections and procedural fairness in impeachment proceedings.[26]

2026 efforts

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The impeachment proceedings are expected to take longer than last year. The complaints will be evaluated by the House of Representatives Committee on Justice whether such complaints are sufficient in substance.[27][28]

It is unclear, however, when the one-year ban was counted from. The July 2025 ruling states that new impeachment complaints against Duterte can only be filed on February 6, 2026. However, the January 2026 resolution states "the 10 session days should be reckoned from the filing and endorsement of the first impeachment complaint on December 2, 2024," which meant that the first complaint was deemed initiated on January 14, 2025, which meant the prohibition lapsed on January 15, 2026.[28]

Duterte formally announced her presidential campaign for the 2028 election on February 18, 2026.[29][30]

Complaints

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#CaseViolation
1Systemic misuse, misappropriation and irregular liquidation of confidential funds amounting to ₱500,000,000.00 released to the Office of the Vice President (OVP) and ₱112,500,000.00 released to the Department of Education (DEPED).Culpable violation of the Constitution, Graft and Corruption, and Betrayal of public trust
2aAmassed unexplained wealth manifestly disproportionate to her lawful income and earnings during her incumbency as public official.Betrayal of public trust and/or culpable violation of the constitution
2bFailed to fully and truthfully disclose all her and her spouse's asset's liabilities and net worth in her Statement of Asset's Liabilities and Net Worth (SALN) including her SALN for the years 2022, 2023, and 2024.
2cFailed to divest and instead, willfully continued, all her business interests during her tenure as Vice President for the years 2022, 2023, 2024 and 2025.
3Gave monetary gifts and payments to Department of Education officials to induce the violation and circumvention of procurement and other related laws.Bribery, graft and corruption, culpable violation of the constitution and betrayal of public trust
4Contracting the assassination of the President, the First Lady and the Former Speaker of the House, by making grave threats, and by actively inciting sedition against the Republic.Culpable violation of the constitution, high crimes and betrayal of public trust

Filing

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Akbayan and Mamamayang Liberal members giving thumbs down with the papers of impeachment complaints against Sara Duterte.

On February 2, 2026, two impeachment complaints was filed against Vice President Sara Duterte. The first came from the Makabayan bloc and the second came from a group led by Tindig Pilipinas, Akbayan and Mamamayang Liberal (ML).[28] The two complaints were verified and transmitted to House speaker Bojie Dy on February 5.[31] A third impeachment complaint by religious leaders against Duterte was filed on February 9.[32] A fourth complaint was filed by lawyer Nathaniel Cabrera on February 18 and was transmitted to Dy's office the following day.[33]

The four impeachment complaints all cites Duterte's alleged misuse of confidential funds, non-declaration of her assets, abuse of power, bribery, and threatening the lives of officials including President Marcos himself.[33] The referral of the complaints to the House Committee on Justice on February 23, 2026, marked the official initiation of impeachment proceedings, activating the one-year ban on filing raps against the vice president.[1]

The complaints cites the testimony of former Duterte aide Ramil Madriaga where he alleged the vice president ordered him to transport large amounts of money.[34]

Verified impeachment complaints against Vice President Sara Duterte
No. Petitioners Endorsers Status
1MakabayanSet aside
2Tindig Pilipinas, Akbayan and Mamamayang LiberalWithdrawn
3Religious sector led by Joel Saballa, et al.Leila de Lima (ML)Active
4Nathaniel G. CabreraActive

Vetting of complaints

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Sufficiency in form

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On March 2, 2026, the second complaint of Tindig, Akbayan and ML were withdrawn in a bid to expedite the impeachment process and threw support for the third impeachment complaint.[35] The Makabayan bloc's impeachment complaint was set aside for allegedly violating the one-year bar rule with some lawmakers arguing that the earliest complaint could be filed after the 2025 impeachment was on February 6, 2026.[36] The third and fourth complaints were ruled "sufficient in form".[37]

Sufficiency in substance

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On March 4, 2026, the House Committee on Justice ruled that two impeachment complaints against Vice President Sara Duterte were sufficient in substance, allowing the proceedings to advance.[38] Duterte was formally notified on March 5 and required to submit her response to the complaints within 10 days. Duterte filled her official response on March 16, and was allowed to make a response a day later since March 15 fell on a Sunday.[38][39]

Sufficiency in grounds

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On March 18, 2026, the two impeachment complaints against Sara Duterte were found sufficient in grounds by the House Committee on Justice, authorizing Congress to proceed to a hearing proper. This came after the Vice President submitted her Answer Ad Cautelam, which the House panel noted failed to address the allegations against her.[40][41]

Impeachment hearings

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On March 25, 2026, the House Committee on Justice began formal hearings on the impeachment complaints against Vice President Sara Duterte through the issuance of subpoena over the various documents and relevant testimonies of witnesses and government officials. Duterte and her legal team did not attend the proceedings, with her camp criticizing the hearings as politically motivated and accusing the House leadership of prioritizing impeachment over pressing national concerns.[42][43]

The hearings focused on allegations involving betrayal of public trust, culpable violation of the Constitution, misuse of confidential funds, unexplained wealth, and alleged threats against President Bongbong Marcos, First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos, and former House Speaker Martin Romualdez. The proceedings were conducted under procedures revised following the Supreme Court ruling in Duterte v. House of Representatives, which stressed that due process and procedural fairness must be observed throughout impeachment proceedings.[44]

Day 1 (April 14)

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On the first day of the hearings on April 14, 2026, detained businessman Ramil Madriaga, who claimed to be a former close associate of Duterte, testified before the committee and submitted a sworn affidavit detailing alleged political and financial operations involving the Duterte camp.[45] Madriaga alleged the existence of a power-sharing agreement between Duterte and Marcos during the 2022 election campaign. According to his testimony and affidavit, former president Rodrigo Duterte allegedly discussed plans to either assassinate Marcos or remove him through a coup d'état should Marcos fail to honour commitments allegedly made to the Duterte family. Madriaga further claimed that senior Duterte allies explored possible military and police support for destabilization efforts against the Marcos administration.

Madriaga also testified regarding the alleged misuse of confidential funds during Duterte's tenure as Secretary of DepEd. He claimed that confidential funds were allegedly disbursed and liquidated within 24 hours, contradicting official liquidation reports which stated that the funds had been used over an 11-day operational period.[46] Madriaga additionally alleged that several bank accounts had been opened and used by Duterte associates to facilitate the laundering of confidential funds through intermediary individuals and entities.[47] Duterte allies and supporters dismissed Madriaga's testimony as fabricated and politically motivated.

The hearings also examined alleged irregularities involving confidential funds during Duterte's tenure as Secretary of Education and Vice President. Michael Poa, former chief of staff under the Office of the Vice President and former DepEd undersecretary, testified before the committee regarding the handling, use, and liquidation procedures governing confidential funds.[48] Poa acknowledged signing several liquidation documents and certifications as part of his administrative duties while serving under Duterte, while lawmakers questioned the legitimacy of acknowledgment receipts and liquidation reports submitted in support of confidential fund disbursements.

The April 14 hearing also incorporated findings from the 2023 investigation conducted by the House Committee on Good Government and Public Accountability regarding alleged irregularities within the Department of Education (DepEd). During the earlier hearings, former DepEd undersecretary Gloria Mercado testified that she had received envelopes allegedly containing cash from Duterte's office in exchange for influencing decisions within the department's Bids and Awards Committee involving procurement contracts and supply acquisitions for DepEd.[49] Mercado claimed that the payments were intended to influence procurement outcomes and approvals within the department. These findings and testimonies were cited and revisited during the impeachment hearings as part of allegations involving corruption, abuse of authority, and betrayal of public trust.

Likewise, the April 14 hearing also examined certifications issued by the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA), which allegedly established that several names appearing as recipients of confidential funds either had no corresponding civil registry records or could not be validated through official government databases.[50] Representatives of the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) further testified that forensic handwriting examinations indicated that several signatures appearing on confidential fund acknowledgment receipts and liquidation reports were fictitious or forged.[51] NBI handwriting experts informed the committee that multiple signatures displayed patterns consistent with fabrication and did not match authentic specimen signatures gathered during the investigation. These findings became central to the impeachment complaints alleging misuse of public funds, falsification of official documents, money laundering, and betrayal of public trust.

Day 2 (April 22)

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On the second day of hearings on April 22, 2026, Duterte's financial records and allegations of unexplained wealth came under further scrutiny. The Office of the Ombudsman released subpoenaed copies of Duterte's Statements of Assets, Liabilities, and Net Worth (SALNs) covering the years 2007 to 2024, beginning from her tenure as Vice Mayor of Davao City. Lawmakers noted that both Duterte and her husband Mans Carpio consistently declared no cash on hand and no cash in banks in their SALNs from 2018 to 2024.[52]

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) also submitted audited financial statements and corporate filings of companies in which Duterte and Carpio held business interests.[53] Several of the firms reportedly posted recurring losses or negative financial positions despite allegations raised during the hearings concerning substantial financial transactions linked to Duterte and her associates. SEC records further showed that a "Sarah Z. Duterte" was listed in the General Information Sheet (GIS) of Metro City Chow Foods as a member of the board of directors from 2022 to 2025, as well as a stockholder of the company.[54] Representative Lordan Suan argued during the hearings that Duterte's continued listing as a corporate director while serving as vice president may have violated constitutional restrictions prohibiting public officials from holding private positions or interests that could conflict with public office.

The Bureau of Internal Revenue (BIR) subsequently presented a sealed box containing the income tax returns and tax records of Duterte, Carpio, and their associated firms. BIR Commissioner Charlito Mendoza informed the committee that the records could not be publicly disclosed or unsealed without proper legal authority due to confidentiality restrictions imposed under Section 270 of the National Internal Revenue Code of the Philippines (NIRC), which prohibits the unauthorized divulgence of taxpayer information by revenue officials.[55] Mendoza stated that while the BIR complied with the subpoena by physically producing the records before the committee, any opening or public examination of the documents could expose revenue officials to criminal liability under the NIRC unless authorized by a competent tribunal or permitted by the taxpayer concerned. The committee subsequently voted 21–4 to defer opening the sealed box due to concerns regarding the legality of disclosing confidential tax records during impeachment proceedings.[56]

Former senator Antonio Trillanes IV and representatives of the Anti–Money Laundering Council (AMLC) also testified during the proceedings.[57] Trillanes presented testimony and documentary evidence concerning alleged bank accounts and financial transactions involving the Duterte family.[58] He alleged that businessman Samuel Uy acted as a financial conduit for deposits made into accounts linked to Duterte and her husband Mans Carpio. Trillanes further alleged that Samuel Uy and businessman Michael Yang, a former economic adviser to President Rodrigo Duterte, were involved in narcotics trafficking operations and the laundering of illicit proceeds through corporate entities and bank accounts associated with the Duterte family.[59]

The AMLC subsequently confirmed that banks had submitted 630 covered transaction reports (CTRs) and 33 suspicious transaction reports (STRs) involving accounts linked to Duterte and Carpio, amounting to ₱6,771,227,712.55 in transactions from 2006 to 2025.[60][61] AMLC Executive Director Ronel Buenaventura testified that the reports included transactions flagged by banks due to unusually large cash movements and suspicious financial patterns. The council also confirmed deposits allegedly made by Samuel Uy into accounts associated with the Duterte couple, corroborating testimony and documentary evidence earlier presented by Trillanes during the hearings.[62] Duterte allies denied the allegations and accused Trillanes of reviving unsubstantiated accusations previously raised against the Duterte family.

Day 3 (April 29) and vote on probable cause

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On April 29, 2026, the third and final day of the impeachment hearings, the National Bureau of Investigation (NBI) Director Melvin Matibag testified during hearings on April 29, 2026, that Duterte's controversial "kill remarks" video against the Marcos family was authentic and showed no signs of editing, alteration, or AI manipulation.[63]

At the same hearing, the committee voted 38–6 not to unseal the income tax records of Vice President Duterte and her husband Mans Carpio, but resolved to include the sealed documents as part of the official records of the impeachment proceedings for possible use by a future Senate impeachment court.[64]

At the conclusion of the hearings on April 29, 2026, the committee voted 53–0 to find probable cause to impeach Duterte and consolidated the complaints into a single set of Articles of Impeachment.[2] The committee report cited alleged misuse of confidential funds, possible falsification of official documents, threats against constitutional officials, betrayal of public trust, unexplained wealth, and conduct deemed incompatible with public office as grounds for impeachment.

Committee vote on the Consolidated Report and the Articles of Impeachment (May 4)

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On May 4, 2026, the committee unanimously approved its report by a 55–0 vote, formally transmitting the Articles of Impeachment to the House of Representatives plenary for consideration on whether the complaint should be endorsed to the Senate for trial.[65][66]

Impeachment plenary vote from the House

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House of Representatives vote
  Voted in favor of impeachment
  Voted against impeachment
  Abstained towards impeachment
  Did not vote for impeachment

All house representatives are scheduled whether to sign the articles of impeachment against Duterte scheduled on May 11, 2026.[67] On May 10, 2026, a day before the plenary vote, PDP–Laban, a party led by former president Rodrigo Duterte and the father of Sara, threatened to blacklist the representatives who will vote on the articles of impeachment from the party.[68] The party said that they will not be allowed to join, run under the party, and if necessary, the party will field their own candidate against them in the 2028 elections.[69] Representatives Chel Diokno and Jude Acidre said that the threats won't affect the decisions of the representatives.[70] Out of 318 house representatives on that day, 291 of them cast their votes which means 27 house representatives were either absent or were present but did not cast a vote. Deputy Speaker Representative Ferdinand Hernandez presided over the plenary vote and not House Speaker Bojie Dy. During the announcement of the vote the Representative Hernandez mistakenly announced that 255 members voted in the affirmative, 27 in the negative, and 9 abstentions. After session, the House corrected their count.

Garnering 257 votes in the affirmative, 25 in the negative, and 9 abstentions, the House of Representatives impeached Vice President Sara Duterte for the second time.[71][72] Duterte became the first official in Philippine history to be impeached twice by the House. After the success of the plenary vote, the House tasked the Office of the Secretary General to formally transmit the articles of impeachment to the Senate for trial.[73]

Tally of votes on the Articles of Impeachment
Voted affirmative Voted negative Abstained Did not vote Reached 1/3 of the required votes?
257 25 9 27 Yes
Votes by each house representative on the impeachment of Sara Duterte[74] [75][76]
Representative Constituency Political party Bloc Voted in favor?
Joseph Bernos Abra's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Dale Corvera Agusan del Norte's lone Lakas Majority No
Alfel Bascug Agusan del Sur's 1st NUP Majority Absent
Eddiebong Plaza Agusan del Sur's 2nd NUP Majority Did not vote
Jess Marquez Aklan's 1st NPC Majority Yes
Florencio Miraflores Aklan's 2nd NPC Majority Yes
Krisel Lagman Albay's 1st Liberal Minority Yes
Caloy Loria Albay's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Adrian Salceda Albay's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Ronaldo Puno Antipolo's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Bong Acop Antipolo's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Antonio Legarda Jr. Antique's lone NPC Majority Yes
Eleanor Begtang Apayao's lone NPC Majority Yes
Rommel T. Angara Aurora's lone LDP Majority Yes
Albee Benitez Bacolod's lone Independent Majority Yes
Mauricio Domogan Baguio's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Yusop Alano Basilan's lone PFP Majority Did not vote
Antonino Roman III Bataan's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Albert Garcia Bataan's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Maria Angela Garcia Bataan's 3rd NUP Majority Yes
Jun Gato Batanes's lone NPC Majority Yes
Leandro Leviste Batangas's 1st Lakas Independent No
Gerville Luistro Batangas's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
King Collantes Batangas's 3rd NPC Majority Yes
Caloy Bolilia Batangas's 4th Nacionalista Majority Yes
Beverley Dimacuha Batangas's 5th Nacionalista Majority Yes
Ryan Recto Batangas's 6th Nacionalista Majority Yes
Eric Yap Benguet's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Gerardo Espina Jr. Biliran's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Arman Dimaguila Biñan's lone Lakas Majority Yes
John Geesnell Yap Bohol's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Vanvan Aumentado Bohol's 2nd Lakas Majority No
Alexie Tutor Bohol's 3rd Lakas Majority No
Jose Manuel Alba Bukidnon's 1st Lakas Majority Absent
Jonathan Keith Flores Bukidnon's 2nd Lakas Majority Abstain
Audrey Zubiri Bukidnon's 3rd PFP Majority Abstain
Laarni Roque Bukidnon's 4th Nacionalista Majority No
Danny Domingo Bulacan's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Tina Pancho Bulacan's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Cholo Violago Bulacan's 3rd PFP Majority Yes
Linabelle Villarica Bulacan's 4th PFP Majority Yes
Agay Cruz Bulacan's 5th PFP Majority Yes
Salvador Pleyto Bulacan's 6th PFP Majority Yes
Jose Aquino II Butuan's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Ramon Nolasco Cagayan's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Baby Alfonso Cagayan's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Joseph Lara Cagayan's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Lordan Suan Cagayan de Oro's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Rufus Rodriguez Cagayan de Oro's 2nd CDP Majority Yes
Cha Hernandez Calamba's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Oscar Malapitan Caloocan's 1st Nacionalista Majority Yes
Edgar Erice Caloocan's 2nd Liberal Minority Abstain
Dean Asistio Caloocan's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Josefina Tallado Camarines Norte's 1st NPC Majority Yes
Rosemarie Panotes Camarines Norte's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Hori Horibata Camarines Sur's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Luigi Villafuerte Camarines Sur's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Nelson Legacion Camarines Sur's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Arnulf Bryan Fuentebella Camarines Sur's 4th NPC Majority Yes
Miguel Luis Villafuerte Camarines Sur's 5th NUP Majority Yes
Jurdin Jesus Romualdo Camiguin's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Howard Guintu Capiz's 1st Independent Majority Yes
Jane Castro Capiz's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Eulogio Rodriguez Catanduanes's lone PFP Majority Yes
Jolo Revilla Cavite's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Lani Mercado Cavite's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Adrian Jay Advincula Cavite's 3rd NUP Majority Yes
Kiko Barzaga Cavite's 4th PDP Minority No
Roy Loyola Cavite's 5th NPC Majority Yes
Antonio Ferrer Cavite's 6th NUP Majority Yes
Crispin Diego Remulla Cavite's 7th NUP Majority Yes
Aniela Tolentino Cavite's 8th NUP Majority Yes
Rhea Gullas Cebu's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Edsel Galeos Cebu's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Karen Flores-Garcia Cebu's 3rd NUP Majority No
Sun Shimura Cebu's 4th NUP Majority No
Duke Frasco Cebu's 5th 1Cebu Majority Yes
Daphne Lagon Cebu's 6th Lakas Majority Yes
Patricia Calderon Cebu's 7th NPC Majority Yes
Rachel del Mar Cebu City's 1st NUP Majority No
Eduardo Rama Jr. Cebu City's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Edwin Cruzado Cotabato's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Rudy Caoagdan Cotabato's 2nd Nacionalista Majority Yes
Samantha Santos Cotabato's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Paolo Duterte Davao City's 1st HTL Independent No
Omar Duterte Davao City's 2nd HTL Independent No
Isidro Ungab Davao City's 3rd HTL Independent No
Maricar Zamora Davao de Oro's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Jhong Ceniza Davao de Oro's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
De Carlo Uy Davao del Norte's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Jose Manuel Lagdameo Davao del Norte's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
John Tracy Cagas Davao del Sur's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Claude Bautista Davao Occidental's lone NPC Majority Absent
Nelson Dayanghirang Jr. Davao Oriental's 1st Lakas Majority No
Cheeno Almario Davao Oriental's 2nd NPC Majority Absent
Kaka Bag-ao Dinagat Islands's lone Liberal Minority Yes
Sheen Gonzales Eastern Samar's lone NUP Minority Yes
Shirlyn Bañas-Nograles General Santos's lone PDP Majority No
JC Rahman Nava Guimaras's lone NUP Majority Yes
Solomon Chungalao Ifugao's lone NPC Majority Yes
Celso Regencia Iligan's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Sandro Marcos Ilocos Norte's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Eugenio Angelo Barba Ilocos Norte's 2nd Nacionalista Majority Yes
Ronald Singson Ilocos Sur's 1st NPC Majority Absent
Kristine Singson-Meehan Ilocos Sur's 2nd NPC Majority Did not vote
Janette Garin Iloilo's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Kathryn Joyce Gorriceta Iloilo's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Lorenz Defensor Iloilo's 3rd NUP Majority Yes
Ferjenel Biron Iloilo's 4th Nacionalista Majority Yes
Binky April Tupas Iloilo's 5th Lakas Majority Yes
Julienne Baronda Iloilo City's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Tonypet Albano Isabela's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Ed Christopher Go Isabela's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Ian Paul Dy Isabela's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Joseph Tan Isabela's 4th PFP Majority Yes
Mike Dy III Isabela's 5th Lakas Majority Yes
Bojie Dy Isabela's 6th PFP Majority Yes
Caroline Agyao Kalinga's lone PFP Majority Yes
Paolo Ortega La Union's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Dante Garcia La Union's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Ann Matibag Laguna's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Ramil Hernandez Laguna's 2nd Lakas Majority No
Amben Amante Laguna's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Benjamin Agarao Jr. Laguna's 4th PFP Majority Yes
Imelda Dimaporo Lanao del Norte's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Aminah Dimaporo Lanao del Norte's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Zia Alonto Adiong Lanao del Sur's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Yasser Balindong Lanao del Sur's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Junard Chan Lapu-Lapu City's lone PFP Majority Yes
Mark Anthony Santos Las Piñas's lone Independent Majority Yes
Martin Romualdez Leyte's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Lolita Javier Leyte's 2nd NPC Majority Yes
Anna Veloso-Tuazon Leyte's 3rd NUP Majority Yes
Richard Gomez Leyte's 4th PFP Majority Yes
Carl Cari Leyte's 5th Lakas Majority Yes
Dimple Mastura Maguindanao del Norte's lone Lakas Majority Abstain
Esmael Mangudadatu Maguindanao del Sur's lone PFP Majority Yes
Monique Lagdameo Makati's 1st MKTZNU Majority Yes
Alden Almario Makati's 2nd MKTZNU Majority Yes
Antolin Oreta III Malabon's lone NUP Majority Yes
Alexandria Gonzales Mandaluyong's lone NUP Majority Yes
Emmarie Dizon Mandaue's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Ernix Dionisio Manila's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Rolan Valeriano Manila's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Joel Chua Manila's 3rd NUP Majority Yes
Giselle Lazaro-Maceda Manila's 4th NPC Majority Yes
Irwin Tieng Manila's 5th NUP Majority Yes
Benny Abante Manila's 6th NUP Majority Yes
Marcelino Teodoro Marikina's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Miro Quimbo Marikina's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Reynaldo Salvacion Marinduque's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Antonio Kho Masbate's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Olga Kho Masbate's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Wilton Kho Masbate's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Jason Almonte Misamis Occidental's 1st Nacionalista Majority Yes
Ando Oaminal Misamis Occidental's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Karen Lagbas Misamis Oriental's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Yevgeny Emano Misamis Oriental's 2nd Nacionalista Majority Yes
Maximo Dalog Jr. Mountain Province's lone Nacionalista Majority Yes
Jaime Fresnedi Muntinlupa's lone Liberal Majority Yes
Toby Tiangco Navotas's lone Navoteño Majority Yes
Jules Ledesma Negros Occidental's 1st NPC Majority Yes
Alfredo Marañon III Negros Occidental's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Javi Benitez Negros Occidental's 3rd PFP Majority Yes
Jeffrey Ferrer Negros Occidental's 4th NUP Majority Yes
Dino Yulo Negros Occidental's 5th Lakas Majority Yes
Mercedes Alvarez-Lansang Negros Occidental's 6th NPC Majority Yes
Emmanuel Iway Negros Oriental's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Maisa Sagarbarria Negros Oriental's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Janice Degamo Negros Oriental's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Niko Raul Daza Northern Samar's 1st NUP Minority Yes
Edwin Ongchuan Northern Samar's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Mika Suansing Nueva Ecija's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Kokoy Salvador Nueva Ecija's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Jay Vergara Nueva Ecija's 3rd PFP Majority No
Emeng Pascual Nueva Ecija's 4th Lakas Majority Yes
Tim Cayton Nueva Vizcaya's lone Aksyon Majority Yes
Odie Tarriela Occidental Mindoro's lone PFP Majority Yes
Arnan Panaligan Oriental Mindoro's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Alfonso Umali Jr. Oriental Mindoro's 2nd Liberal Majority Yes
Rose Salvame Palawan's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Jose Alvarez Palawan's 2nd NPC Majority Abstain
Gil Acosta Jr. Palawan's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Carmelo Lazatin Jr. Pampanga's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Gloria Macapagal Arroyo Pampanga's 2nd Lakas Majority Did not vote
Mica Gonzales Pampanga's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Anna York Bondoc Pampanga's 4th NUP Majority Yes
Arthur Celeste Pangasinan's 1st Nacionalista Majority Yes
Mark Cojuangco Pangasinan's 2nd NPC Majority Yes
Maria Rachel Arenas Pangasinan's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Gina de Venecia Pangasinan's 4th Lakas Majority Yes
Ramon Guico Jr. Pangasinan's 5th Lakas Majority Yes
Marlyn Primicias-Agabas Pangasinan's 6th Lakas Majority Yes
Eric Olivarez Parañaque's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Brian Yamsuan Parañaque's 2nd NUP Majority Yes
Antonino Calixto Pasay's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Roman Romulo Pasig's lone NPC Majority Yes
Mark Enverga Quezon's 1st NPC Majority Yes
David Suarez Quezon's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Reynante Arrogancia Quezon's 3rd NPC Majority Yes
Keith Micah Tan Quezon's 4th NPC Majority Yes
Arjo Atayde Quezon City's 1st NUP Majority Yes
Ralph Tulfo Quezon City's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Franz Pumaren Quezon City's 3rd NUP Majority Yes
Bong Suntay Quezon City's 4th UNA Majority No
Patrick Michael Vargas Quezon City's 5th PFP Majority Yes
Marivic Co-Pilar Quezon City's 6th NUP Majority Yes
Midy Cua Quirino's lone Lakas Majority Did not vote
Mia Ynares Rizal's 1st NPC Majority Absent
Dino Tanjuatco Rizal's 2nd NPC Majority Absent
Jose Arturo Garcia Jr. Rizal's 3rd NPC Majority Absent
Dennis Hernandez Rizal's 4th NPC Majority Did not vote
Eleandro Jesus Madrona Romblon's lone Nacionalista Majority Yes
Stephen James Tan Samar's 1st Nacionalista Minority Yes
Reynolds Michael Tan Samar's 2nd Lakas Minority Yes
Arthur Robes San Jose del Monte's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Bel Zamora San Juan's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Roy Gonzales Santa Rosa's lone Lakas Majority Yes
Steve Solon Sarangani's lone Lakas Majority Abstain
Zaldy Villa Siquijor's lone PFP Majority Yes
Dette Escudero Sorsogon's 1st NPC Majority Did not vote
Wowo Fortes Sorsogon's 2nd NPC Majority Yes
Ed Lumayag South Cotabato's 1st PFP Majority No
Dinand Hernandez South Cotabato's 2nd PFP Majority Presiding
Dibu Tuan South Cotabato's 3rd Lakas Majority Yes
Roger Mercado Southern Leyte's 1st NPC Majority No
Christopherson Yap Southern Leyte's 2nd Lakas Majority Did not vote
Ruth Sakaluran Sultan Kudarat's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Bella Suansing Sultan Kudarat's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Samier Tan Sulu's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Abdulmunir Arbison Sulu's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Francisco Matugas Surigao del Norte's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Bernadette Barbers Surigao del Norte's 2nd Nacionalista Majority Yes
Romeo Momo Surigao del Sur's 1st Nacionalista Majority Yes
Alexander Pimentel Surigao del Sur's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Ading Cruz Taguig–Pateros's lone Nacionalista Majority Abstain
Daniel Bocobo Taguig's lone Nacionalista Majority Abstain
Jaime Cojuangco Tarlac's 1st NPC Majority Yes
Cristy Angeles Tarlac's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Bong Rivera Tarlac's 3rd NPC Majority Yes
Dimszar Sali Tawi-Tawi's lone NUP Majority Yes
Kenneth Gatchalian Valenzeula's 1st NPC Majority Yes
Gerald Galang Valenzuela's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Jay Khonghun Zambales's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Bing Maniquiz Zambales's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Katrina Reiko Chua-Tai Zamboanga City's 1st Independent Majority Yes
Jerry Perez Zamboanga City's 2nd NUP Majority Did not vote
Pinpin Uy Zamboanga del Norte's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Irene Labadlabad Zamboanga del Norte's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Ian Amatong Zamboanga del Norte's 3rd Liberal Majority Yes
Joseph Yu Zamboanga del Sur's 1st Lakas Majority Yes
Victoria Yu Zamboanga del Sur's 2nd Lakas Majority Yes
Marlo Bancoro Zamboanga Sibugay's 1st PFP Majority Yes
Marly Hofer–Hasim Zamboanga Sibugay's 2nd PFP Majority Yes
Rodge Gutierrez Party-list 1-Rider Majority Yes
Nathaniel Oducado 1Tahanan Majority Yes
Iris Marie Montes 4K Minority Yes
Marcelino Libanan 4Ps Minority Yes
Jonathan Clement Abalos 4Ps Minority Yes
Maximo Rodriguez Jr. Abamin Majority Yes
Manuel Frederick Ko Abang Lingkod Majority Yes
Robert Raymond Estrella Abono Majority Yes
Antonio Tinio ACT Teachers Minority Yes
Jocelyn Tulfo ACT-CIS Majority Yes
Jeffrey Soriano ACT-CIS Majority Yes
Nicanor Briones Agap Minority Yes
Bryan Revilla Agimat Majority Yes
Chel Diokno Akbayan Minority Yes
Perci Cendaña Akbayan Minority Yes
Dadah Kiram Ismula Akbayan Minority Yes
Alfredo Garbin Ako Bicol Majority Absent
Jan Franz Chan Ako Bicol Majority Absent
Sonny Lagon Ako Bisaya Majority Yes
Richelle Singson-Michael Ako Ilocano Ako Majority No
Maria Cristina Lopez Alona Majority Yes
Alfred delos Santos Ang Probinsyano Majority Absent
Sergio Dagooc Apec Minority Abstain
Henry Oaminal Jr. Asenso Pinoy Majority Yes
Roberto Nazal Jr. BH Minority No
Terry Ridon Bicol Saro Majority Yes
Eddie Villanueva Cibac Majority Did not vote
Felimon Espares Coop-NATCCO Majority Yes
Edwin Gardiola CWS Majority Yes
Claudine Bautista-Lim Dumper PTDA Majority Absent
Brian Poe FPJ Panday Bayanihan Majority Yes
Sarah Elago Gabriela Minority Yes
Jan Rurik Padiernos GP Minority Yes
Renee Co Kabataan Minority Yes
Caroline Tanchay Kamalayan Majority Yes
Eli San Fernando Kamanggagawa Minority Yes
Munir Arbison Jr. Kapuso PM Majority Yes
Kenneth Paolo Tereng KM Ngayon Na Majority Yes
Aiman Tan Kusug Tausug Majority Yes
Allan Ty LPGMA Minority Yes
Ferdinand Beltran Magbubukid Majority Yes
Girlie Veloso Malasakit@Bayanihan Majority No
Leila de Lima ML Minority Yes
Maria Nina Francesca Lacson Manila Teachers Majority Did not vote
Arthur C. Yap Murang Kuryente Majority Did not vote
Florabel Yatco Nanay Majority Yes
Maria Kristina Jihan Glepa One Coop Majority Yes
Presley de Jesus Philreca Minority Yes
Franz Vincent Legazpi Pinoy Workers Majority Yes
Harold Duterte PPP Independent No
Jernie Jett Nisay Pusong Pinoy Minority Did not vote
Paolo Marcoleta Sagip Minority No
Rodolfo Ordanes Senior Citizens Majority Yes
Ching Bernos Solid North Majority Yes
Rolando Macasaet SSS-GSIS Pensyonado Majority No
Arlyn Ayon Swerte Minority Absent
Jose Teves Jr. TGP Majority Yes
Andrew Julian Romualdez Tingog Majority Yes
Jude Acidre Tingog Majority Yes
Yedda Romualdez Tingog Majority Yes
Johanne Monich Bautista Trabaho Majority Yes
Raymond Mendoza TUCP Majority Yes
Milagros Magsaysay United Senior Citizens Majority Yes
Jojo Ang Uswag Ilonggo Majority Yes

Impeachment trial

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from Second impeachment trial of Sara Duterte.[edit]
Francis Escudero (right) presides over the second impeachment trial of Sara Duterte, seated beside Senate president Sherwin Gatchalian (left)

The second impeachment trial of Sara Duterte, the 15th vice president of the Philippines, began on July 6, 2026. Duterte had been impeached for a second time by the House of Representatives on May 11, 2026. She was the first vice president of the Philippines to be impeached, and the first to be impeached twice. The articles of impeachment alleged betrayal of public trust, culpable violation of the Constitution, graft and corruption, and bribery arising from the alleged misuse of the funds for the Office of the Vice President and the Department of Education (DepEd), where Duterte served as secretary from 2022 to 2024; unexplained wealth; alleged monetary gifts and payments to DepEd officials; and alleged threats to assassinate President Bongbong Marcos, First Lady Liza Araneta Marcos, and former House Speaker Martin Romualdez.

Duterte's first Senate impeachment trial was postponed after the impeachment court announced that the proceedings would resume only after the prosecution panel had been reconstituted, following the loss of several members of the 19th Congress in the 2025 elections or their assumption of office in other government posts. The articles of impeachment were subsequently declared null and void by the Supreme Court in July 2025, followed by the Senate impeachment court's decision to archive them in August 2025.

Senate President Sherwin Gatchalian opened the session on the first day of the trial, after which he called for the election of a presiding officer. On June 3, 2026, the Senate had amended Rule II of its rules of procedure on impeachment trials to allow the election, by majority vote, of a senator other than the Senate president as the court's presiding officer. Francis Escudero, who had presided over Duterte's first impeachment trial as Senate president in 2025, was elected to the position.[77] The amendment was challenged by Senator-Judge Alan Peter Cayetano, who argued that the court could not amend a constitutional requirement that the Senate president preside over impeachment trials.[78] Several other minority senators likewise objected, delaying the start of the trial by approximately one hour.[79]

Members of the House prosecution panel include Representatives Gerville Luistro (lead prosecutor), Kaka Bag-ao, Joel Chua, Leila de Lima, Lorenz Defensor, Chel Diokno, Jonathan Keith Flores, Rodge Gutierrez, Terry Ridon, Lordan Suan, and Bel Zamora.[80] Duterte's defense team is led by litigator Sheila Sison.[81]

Stances

[edit]

The second largest bloc in the House of Representatives after Lakas–CMD, the National Unity Party has stated on February 25 that it would "most likely not vote in favor" of Duterte's impeachment unless new evidence was brought up.[82] NUP chair and House deputy speaker Ronaldo Puno clarified that it was just a consensus among its party members and that it is not an official stance of the party. He said that members are allowed to exercise their conscience vote on the matter.[83]

Opinion polling

[edit]
Public opinion polls of impeachment
Polling body Sample size Margin of error Support Oppose Undecided Don't know Date Q
OCTA[84] 1,200 ±3% 74% 21% 4% April 20–24, 2026 Do you think Vice President Sara Duterte should face trial in the Senate or an impeachment court to address the allegations against her or not?
OCTA[85] 1,200 ±3% 69% 28% 3% March 19–25, 2026
WR Numero[86] 1,455 ±3% 32% 53% 13% 3% March 10–17, 2026 Do you agree or disagree that Vice President Sara Duterte should be impeached?

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. 1 2 Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (February 23, 2026). "Impeachment initiated: Raps vs Sara Duterte sent to House justice panel". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved February 23, 2026.
  2. 1 2 Chi, Cristina (April 29, 2026). "House panel finds probable cause to impeach VP Sara Duterte". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on May 5, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  3. ↑ Panti, Llanesca T. (April 29, 2026). "House justice panel finds probable cause to impeach VP Sara Duterte". GMA News. Retrieved April 29, 2026.
  4. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (April 29, 2026). "House justice panel finds probable cause to impeach Sara Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved April 29, 2026.
  5. ↑ Tolentino, Reina C. (April 29, 2026). "House panel finds probable cause to impeach Duterte". The Manila Times. Retrieved April 29, 2026.
  6. ↑ "House impeaches VP Sara Duterte". ABS-CBN. February 5, 2025. Archived from the original on February 5, 2025. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
  7. ↑ de Villa, Kathleen; Torres-Tupas, Tetch (January 30, 2026). "SC still unanimous: VP impeachment void". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on January 31, 2026. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
  8. 1 2 Quismorio, Ellson (January 21, 2026). "Impeachment explainer: The 3 modes, examples, and impact of 2025 SC ruling". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
  9. ↑ Ager, Maila (February 5, 2025). "Senate goes on break without tackling impeach bid vs VP Duterte". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on August 11, 2025. Retrieved February 5, 2025.
  10. ↑ Garner, Jom; Kabagani, Lade Jean (February 7, 2025). "Senate will act only on 2 June — Chiz". Daily Tribune. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  11. ↑ Bautista, Jane; Santos, Tina (February 10, 2025). "Carpio: Special session possible for GAA, VP trial". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on February 10, 2025. Retrieved February 10, 2025.
  12. ↑ Cariaso, Bella (June 10, 2025). "Senate urged: Proceed forthwith with impeach trial". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on June 6, 2025. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  13. ↑ Cordero, Ted (June 10, 2025). "PH's oldest business group adds pressure for VP's impeachment trial to begin". GMA News. Archived from the original on June 11, 2025. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  14. ↑ Esmaquel, Paterno II (June 10, 2025). "CBCP tells senators: Let Duterte's impeachment trial proceed". Rappler. Archived from the original on June 11, 2025. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  15. ↑ "Philippine senators split over legality of delaying Duterte's impeachment trial". South China Morning Post. June 9, 2025. Archived from the original on July 4, 2025. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  16. ↑ Abarca, Charie (June 10, 2025). "Sara Duterte on trial: 22 senators take oath as senator-judges". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 25, 2025. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  17. ↑ Abarca, Charie (June 10, 2025). "Impeachment court sends Sara Duterte case back to House". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on June 21, 2025. Retrieved June 10, 2025.
  18. ↑ Flores, Dominique Nicole; Laqui, Ian (July 25, 2025). "'Unconstitutional': Supreme Court bars impeachment vs VP Sara Duterte". The Philippine Star. Archived from the original on January 19, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  19. ↑ Bolledo, Jairo (July 25, 2025). "Supreme Court bars Sara impeachment, can be refiled next year". Rappler. Archived from the original on July 25, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  20. 1 2 "House impeachment complaint vs VP Duterte barred by 1-year rule; due process or fairness applies during all stages of impeachment process". Supreme Court of the Philippines. July 25, 2025. Archived from the original on August 6, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  21. ↑ "SC says due process applies in impeachment proceedings". ABS-CBN News. July 25, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  22. ↑ Casilao, Joahna Lei (July 25, 2025). "SC declares Articles of Impeachment vs. Sara Duterte unconstitutional". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on January 29, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  23. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (August 4, 2025). "House appeals SC ruling on Sara Duterte impeachment case". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  24. ↑ "Press Briefer – January 29, 2026". Supreme Court of the Philippines. January 29, 2026. Archived from the original on January 29, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  25. ↑ Ayalin, Adrian; Delgado, Harlene; Gulla, Vivienne (January 29, 2026). "Supreme Court affirms Sara Duterte impeachment unconstitutional". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  26. ↑ "Philippine vice president faces impeachment vote in Congress after panel find probable cause". Reuters. April 29, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  27. ↑ Mateo, Janvic; Cariaso, Bella (February 5, 2026). "Longer impeach process vs VP Sara seen". The Philippine Star. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
  28. 1 2 3 Argosino, Faith; Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (February 3, 2026). "Two impeach raps filed vs VP Sara Duterte as 1-year bar ends". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 5, 2026.
  29. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (February 20, 2026). "Sara Duterte's presidency bid won't make impeachment harder – Luistro". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 20, 2026.
  30. ↑ Kapoor, Mahima (February 18, 2026). "Philippines VP Sara Duterte announces 2028 presidential run". dw.com. AFP, Reuters. Retrieved February 20, 2026.
  31. ↑ Rita, Joviland (February 6, 2026). "VP Sara Duterte impeach raps transmitted to House Speaker". GMA News Online. Retrieved February 7, 2026.
  32. ↑ Quismorio, Ellson (February 9, 2026). "Familiar faces lodge 3rd impeachment rap vs VP Duterte". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved February 9, 2026.
  33. 1 2 Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (February 19, 2026). "4th impeachment rap vs Sara Duterte transmitted to Speaker Dy's office". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved February 20, 2026.
  34. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (March 16, 2026). "Sara Duterte lawyers hit 'double standards' in treatment of impeach raps". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 16, 2026.
  35. ↑ Flores, Dominique Nicole (March 2, 2026). "2nd impeach complaint vs Sara Duterte withdrawn as backers unite behind third". The Philippine Star. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
  36. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (March 2, 2026). "1st impeach rap vs VP Duterte set aside for violating one-year bar rule". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
  37. ↑ Mendoza, John Eric (March 2, 2026). "House panel declares impeachment raps vs Sara Duterte sufficient in form". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 3, 2026.
  38. 1 2 Gulla, Vivienne (March 4, 2026). "House panel: Sara Duterte impeachment complaints 'sufficient in substance'". ABS-CBN News.
  39. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (March 16, 2026). "VP Duterte files official reply to impeachment raps, says Ridon". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 16, 2026.
  40. ↑ Panti, Llanesca T. (March 18, 2026). "Impeach raps vs. VP Sara sufficient in grounds, trial proper next —House panel". GMA News. Retrieved March 18, 2026.
  41. ↑ Gulla, Vivienne (March 18, 2026). "House panel finds Sara Duterte impeachment complaints 'sufficient in grounds', to start 'hearing proper' on March 25". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved March 18, 2026.
  42. ↑ Delgado, Harlene (March 25, 2026). "Sara Duterte skips impeachment hearing proper, accuses House of prioritizing politics over public woes". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  43. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (March 25, 2026). "House panel starts formal impeach hearings; Sara Duterte absent". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  44. ↑ "House impeachment complaint vs VP Duterte barred by 1-year rule; due process or fairness applies during all stages of impeachment process". Supreme Court of the Philippines. July 25, 2025. Archived from the original on August 6, 2025. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  45. ↑ "Jailed witness reveals Duterte plotted to oust Philippines' Marcos". South China Morning Post. April 15, 2026. Archived from the original on April 25, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  46. ↑ "Madriaga claims DepEd confidential funds spent within 24 hours". Philippine Daily Inquirer. April 14, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  47. ↑ "House hearing tackles alleged bank accounts used for Sara Duterte confidential funds". Philippine Daily Inquirer. April 14, 2026. Retrieved May 20, 2026.
  48. ↑ "Michael Poa testifies on confidential funds at House impeachment hearings". ABS-CBN News. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  49. ↑ "Former DepEd official testifies on alleged payoffs in procurement deals". Philippine Daily Inquirer. 2023. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  50. ↑ "PSA certifications raise questions on DepEd confidential fund recipients". Philippine Daily Inquirer. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  51. ↑ "NBI says several OVP secret fund receipts signed by same persons". GMA News Online. April 15, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  52. ↑ "House panel examines Sara Duterte SALNs from 2007 to 2024". INQUIRER.net. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  53. ↑ "SEC submits audited reports of firms linked to Sara Duterte and Mans Carpio". ABS-CBN News. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  54. ↑ Sarao, Zacarian (April 22, 2026). "Sara Duterte as firm board member during VP term against Charter — Suan". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on April 23, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  55. ↑ "House panel defers opening box containing Duterte tax records". INQUIRER.net. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  56. ↑ Sigales, Jason (April 22, 2026). "House panel defers opening box containing Duterte tax records". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on April 25, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  57. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (April 22, 2026). "Trillanes vindicated: AMLC confirms Sara Duterte's 18 transactions". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on April 29, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  58. ↑ "Trillanes presents alleged Duterte bank records during impeachment hearings". Rappler. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.[dead link]
  59. ↑ "Trillanes links Samuel Uy, Michael Yang to alleged Duterte financial transactions". INQUIRER.net. April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  60. ↑ Abanto, Rowegie (April 22, 2026). "AMLC flags P6.7-B 'suspicious, covered' transactions linked to Sara Duterte, husband". ABS-CBN News. Archived from the original on April 22, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  61. ↑ Macasero, Ryan (April 22, 2026). "Over 600 transactions of Duterte worth P6.7B flagged by AMLC". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on April 28, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  62. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (April 29, 2026). "Luistro: AMLC confirms another Sara Duterte transaction". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on April 30, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  63. ↑ Baclig, Cristina Eloisa (April 29, 2026). "NBI: Duterte's threat video authenticated, unedited". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Archived from the original on April 30, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  64. ↑ Echegoyen, Chalssea Kate (April 29, 2026). "House panel votes to leave opening of Duterte tax records to Senate impeachment court". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  65. ↑ Panti, Llanesca T. (May 4, 2026). "House justice panel approves VP Sara Duterte impeachment for plenary vote". GMA News Online. Archived from the original on May 5, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  66. ↑ "Philippine House panel to send VP Sara Duterte impeachment case to plenary vote". Xinhua News Agency. May 4, 2026. Archived from the original on May 4, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  67. ↑ Reganit, Jose Cielito (May 5, 2026). "House to vote on impeachment articles vs. VP Sara on May 11". Philippine News Agency. Retrieved May 5, 2026.
  68. ↑ Basilio, Kenneth Christiane (May 10, 2026). "PDP: Lawmakers backing Sara Duterte impeach bid may lose 2028 support". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  69. ↑ SERQUIÑA, MARIEL CELINE (May 10, 2026). "PDP Laban blocks politicians supporting VP Sara's impeachment". GMA News Online. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  70. ↑ Mendoza, John Eric (May 11, 2026). "Diokno, Acidre shrug off PDP threat ahead of Sara Duterte impeach vote". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  71. ↑ Panti, Llanesca T. (May 11, 2026). "Vice President Sara Duterte impeached by House of Representatives". GMA News. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  72. ↑ Quismorio, Ellson (May 11, 2026). "House impeaches VP Sara again". Manila Bulletin. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  73. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (May 11, 2026). "House asks SecGen to send Duterte impeachment case to Senate". INQUIRER.net. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  74. ↑ Ferreras, Vince (May 11, 2026). "How congressmen voted in VP Sara Duterte's impeachment". gmanetwork.com. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  75. ↑ "LOOK: How your congressman voted in Sara Duterte impeachment case". INQUIRER.net. May 11, 2026. Archived from the original on May 12, 2026. Retrieved May 11, 2026.
  76. ↑ "Journal of the House of Representatives, 20th Congress, First Regular Session, Journal No. 35" (PDF). House of Representatives.
  77. ↑ Ager, Maila (July 6, 2026). "Escudero elected to preside over Duterte impeachment trial". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved July 7, 2026.
  78. ↑ Abadilla, Bench (July 6, 2026). "Alan Cayetano warns of constitutional crisis over Chiz Escudero's election as impeachment presiding officer". Politiko. Retrieved July 7, 2026.
  79. ↑ Clores, Keith; Basilio, Kenneth Christiane; Santos, Tina G. (July 7, 2026). "VP trial starts: Escudero presides, sets rules". INQUIRER.net. Retrieved July 7, 2026.
  80. ↑ Gregorio, Agatha (July 4, 2026). "Who are the 26 prosecutors in Sara Duterte's impeachment trial?". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved July 7, 2026.
  81. ↑ Bolledo, Jairo (July 4, 2026). "LIST: Sara Duterte's defense team in her impeachment trial". Rappler. Retrieved July 7, 2026.
  82. ↑ de Leon, Dwight (February 26, 2026). "Sara impeachment 2.0 bid in House stumbles after NUP signals no support". Rappler. Archived from the original on March 6, 2026. Retrieved February 26, 2026.
  83. ↑ Lalu, Gabriel Pabico (February 27, 2026). "NUP chair walks back party statement on VP impeach raps". Philippine Daily Inquirer. Retrieved March 2, 2026.
  84. ↑ Arayata, Ma. Cristina (June 1, 2026). "OCTA: 74% of adult Filipinos agree to impeachment trial vs. VP Duterte". PHILIPPINE NEWS AGENCY. Retrieved June 1, 2026.
  85. ↑ Joviland, Rita (April 15, 2026). "69% of Filipinos support impeachment trial vs VP Sara Duterte —OCTA survey". GMA News. Archived from the original on May 11, 2026. Retrieved May 7, 2026.
  86. ↑ Cruz, RG (April 7, 2026). "WR Numero poll: 53 percent reject Sara Duterte impeachment, but 46 percent unaware of evidence". ABS-CBN News. Retrieved May 7, 2026.
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